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Authors: Natalia N. Singh, Maria Shishimorova, Lu Cheng Cao, Laxman Gangwani and Ravindra N. Singh

Natalia N. Singh

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

Maria Shishimorova

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

Lu Cheng Cao

Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

Laxman Gangwani

Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA

Ravindra N. Singh

Corresponding author: singhr@iastate.edu
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

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Abstract:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. Most SMA cases are associated with the low levels of SMN owing to deletion of Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1). SMN2, a nearly identical copy of SMN1, fails to compensate for the loss of SMN1 due to predominant skipping of exon 7. Hence, correction of aberrant splicing of SMN2 exon 7 holds the potential for cure of SMA. Here we report an 8-mer antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to have a profound stimulatory response on correction of aberrant splicing of SMN2 exon 7 by binding to a unique GC-rich sequence located within intron 7 of SMN2. We confirm that the splicing-switching ability of this short ASO comes with a high degree of specificity and reduced off-target effect compared to larger ASOs targeting the same sequence. We further demonstrate that a single low nanomolar dose of this 8-mer ASO substantially increases the levels of SMN and a host of factors including Gemin 2, Gemin 8, ZPR1, hnRNP Q and Tra2-β1 known to be down regulated in SMA. Our findings underscore the advantages and unmatched potential of very short ASOs in splicing modulation in vivo.