Sign up for Table of Contents Alerts.

Email this page

Print this page

Extra Views

CDK4 Inhibitors and Apoptosis: A Novel Mechanism Requiring Nucleolar Targeting of RelA

Hazel C. Thoms, M.G. Dunlop and L.A. Stark

This is an open-access article

 Download PDF

If the document does not open, please right-click on the link (control-click on a Macintosh) and select the option to save the file to disk.

Components of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-Rb pathway are key regulators of the cell cycle and are frequently disrupted in cancer. Defects in this pathway usually manifest as an increase in CDK4 activity, leading to unrestricted proliferation of tumour cells. CDK4 inhibitors have been shown to possess anti-tumour activity in vitro and agents that target the cyclin D1/CDK4 complex are currently the focus of intense scrutiny for clinical application as cancer therapeutics. However, the mechanisms by which these agents mediate their effects remains to be fully elucidated. We recently described a novel mechanism by which a CDK4 inhibitor induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells through activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. Specific inhibition of CDK4 activity induced translocation of RelA, the principal component of NF-κB, from the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm and then to the nucleolus. This was accompanied by a repression of NF-κB-driven transcription and apoptosis of the cancer cells. To determine the role of RelA in apoptosis, we utilised a mutant form of the protein, where the critical domain required for nucleolar targeting had been deleted. When cells expressing this mutant protein were treated with the CDK4 inhibitor, RelA translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm, but was excluded from the nucleolus. Furthermore, apoptosis induced by CDK4 inhibition was also abrogated in cells expressing mutant RelA protein. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate programmed cell death induced by disruption of the cyclin D1/CDK4 complex and consider the wider implications these findings have for the future development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.

Authors

Hazel C. Thoms

Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK

M.G. Dunlop

Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK

L.A. Stark

Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK

This is an open-access article

 Download PDF

If the document does not open, please right-click on the link (control-click on a Macintosh) and select the option to save the file to disk.