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Perspectives
Red Light, Green Light: Signals That Control Endothelial Cell Proliferation during Embryonic Vascular Development
Brenda L. Bohnsack and Karen K. Hirschi
volume 3 | issue 12
december 2004Pages: 1506 - 1511
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The proper regulation of endothelial cell proliferation is critical for vascular development in the embryo. VEGF-A and bFGF, which are important in the induction of mesodermal progenitors to form a capillary plexus, are also key mitogenic signals. Disruption in VEGF-A or bFGF decreases endothelial cell proliferation and halts vascular development. While stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation is necessary during vasculogenesis, inhibitory signals such as TGF-?1 and retinoic acid are equally important and required to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. These signals and activation of numerous downstream pathways must be properly integrated with extracellular matrix proteins and integrin receptor signaling in order to form the embryonic vasculature. This coordination of mitogenic and anti-proliferative signals needed to form a circulatory network in the embryo may be unique relative to neovascularization in adult tissues where mitogenic stimulation promotes proliferation of previously quiescent endothelial cells to repair and expand existing vasculatures.
We now provide open access to journal articles published online for one year or more. This article may be downloaded at the following link:
Download PDF If the document does not open, please right-click on the link (control-click on a Macintosh) and select the option to save the file to disk.