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Research Paper
Retinoid-Induced Growth Arrest of Breast Carcinoma Cells Involves Co-Activation of Multiple Growth-Inhibitory Genes
Milos Dokmanovic, Bey-Dih Chang, Jing Fang, and Igor B. Roninson
volume 1 | issue 1
January/February 2002Pages: 24-27
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Retinoids are used in leukemia therapy and chemoprevention of cancers. Treatment of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells with low doses of retinoids induces gradual proliferation arrest with phenotypic markers of senescence. cDNA microarray hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that retinoid-induced growth arrest in MCF-7 cells is associated with strong induction of 13 genes. Four of these genes (IGF-binding protein 3, EPLIN, bIG-H3 and FAT10) have antiproliferative activity; EPLIN and bIG-H3 are also known to be selectively inhibited in transformed relative to normal cells. The functions of the induced genes may also account for other cellular effects of retinoids, including the proteasome-mediated protein degradation, increased cell adhesion, and retinoic acid synthesis. Only one of 13 strongly induced genes (ring finger protein TRIM31) contains a putative retinoid response element in its promoter; TRIM31 also shows the most rapid kinetics of induction by retinoids. In contrast, the antiproliferative genes contain no identifiable retinoid response elements in their promoters and show more gradual induction kinetics, suggesting that these genes are indirectly induced by retinoids. Elucidation of the mechanisms that mediate co-induction of growth-inhibitory genes in retinoid-treated cells may suggest an approach to reproducing the growth-inhibitory effect of retinoids in retinoid-insensitive human cancers.
We now provide open access to journal articles published online for one year or more. This article may be downloaded at the following link:
Download PDFIf the document does not open, please right-click on the link (control-click on a Macintosh) and select the option to save the file to disk.