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Research Paper
Raltitrexed Increases Tumorigenesis as a Single Agent Yet Exhibits Anti-Tumor Synergy with 5-Fluorouracil in ApcMin/+ Mice1
John T. Murphy, Jody M. Tucker, Celestia Davis, and Franklin G. Berger
volume 3 | issue 11
november 2004Pages: 1169-1176
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The thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors raltitrexed (RTX) and 5-fluorouracil (FUra) have shown promising anti-tumor activity in preclinical and clinical settings for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Though the effects of these two agents have been reasonably wellcharacterized in cell lines, knowledge of their modes of action in vivo is limited. Here, we utilize the ApcMin/+ mouse, an animal model of intestinal tumorigenesis, to study the effects of RTX treatment alone and in combination with FUra. Rather surprisingly, RTX monotherapy resulted in a dose dependent 4-10-fold increase in tumor number. The majority of these adenomas (74- 95%) were rather small (i.e., less than 1 mm in diameter) and exhibited loss of heterozygosity at the Apc locus, suggesting an increase in mutational events leading to tumor development. RTX augmented BrdU-labeling of crypt epithelial cells, and retarded the movement of these cells along the crypt-villus axis. Co-administration of FUra and RTX resulted in a significant reduction in tumor number compared to mice treated with either RTX or FUra alone (P < 0.0001). In addition, FUra abrogated the RTX-mediated increase in BrdU labeling. In all, the results show that RTX increases tumor burden in the ApcMin/+ mouse, yet enhances the anti-tumor effect of FUra. This is the first illustration of in vivo synergy of RTX and FUra in a genetically predisposed animal model. Possible mechanisms underlying the current observations are discussed.
We now provide open access to journal articles published online for one year or more. This article may be downloaded at the following link:
Download PDFIf the document does not open, please right-click on the link (control-click on a Macintosh) and select the option to save the file to disk.