Basic Brief Report

Physical exercise stimulates autophagy in normal skeletal muscles but is detrimental for collagen VI-deficient muscles

Volume 7, Issue 12   December 2011
Pages 1415 - 1423
http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.7.12.17877
Keywords: autophagy, collagen VI, mouse model, muscle, muscular dystrophy
Authors: Paolo Grumati, Luisa Coletto, Alvise Schiavinato, Silvia Castagnaro, Enrico Bertaggia, Marco Sandri and Paolo Bonaldo

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Abstract:
Autophagy is a catabolic process that provides the degradation of altered/damaged organelles through the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Proper regulation of the autophagic flux is fundamental for the homeostasis of skeletal muscles in physiological conditions and in response to stress. Defective as well as excessive autophagy is detrimental for muscle health and has a pathogenic role in several forms of muscle diseases. Recently, we found that defective activation of the autophagic machinery plays a key role in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies linked to collagen VI. Impairment of the autophagic flux in collagen VI null (Col6a1–/–) mice causes accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and altered sarcoplasmic reticulum, leading to apoptosis and degeneration of muscle fibers. Here we show that physical exercise activates autophagy in skeletal muscles. Notably, physical training exacerbated the dystrophic phenotype of Col6a1–/– mice, where autophagy flux is compromised. Autophagy was not induced in Col6a1–/– muscles after either acute or prolonged exercise, and this led to a marked increase of muscle wasting and apoptosis. These findings indicate that proper activation of autophagy is important for muscle homeostasis during physical activity.

Received: June 22, 2011; Accepted: August 25, 2011

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