Different environmental stresses, among them heat, hyperosmotic and oxidative ones, cause yeast cells to arrest at G1. The duration of the arrest is proportional to the intensity of the stress, and is concomitant to down-regulation of CLN1/CLN2 expression. In certain cases it has...

A widely used model system to investigate cell proliferation is stimulation of serum-arrested cells with growth factors. Recent data suggest that there are two waves of growth factor-dependent signaling events required for a proliferative response. One is an acute burst of signaling,...

Progression through the cell cycle of mammalian cells is dependent upon external factors such as growth- and extracellular matrix factors. On the other hand, cell cycle progres sion can be inhibited by the addition of specific inhibitors of cell proliferation, or by stress conditions. In...

Cell cycle progression is tightly controlled by cyclin/Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. Two families of cyclin kinase inhibitors have been identified based on their structures and affinities for cyclin/CDK complexes. Members of the INK 4 (Inhibitors of CDK 4) family bind and inhibit...

Coordination of cell cycle events is essential for the faithful duplication of cellular com- ponents during proliferation as well as for the adaptability of cells and organisms to varying internal and environmental conditions. In budding yeast, coordination of many of cell cycle events is...

Cell differentiation is usually accompanied by irreversible cell cycle exit. The G1 regula tory molecules have been shown to be exquisitely regulated during the differentiation process and in many models they have been shown to play a pivotal role in differentiation. The cell cycle exit...

Adhesive interactions with the extracellular matrix, mediated primarily by integrins and transmembrane proteoglycans, play a key role in regulating the G1 phase of the cell cycle. A primary aspect of this is adhesion regulation of important signaling pathways, particularly the Erk/MAP...

The progression from G1 to S phase requires the de novo expression of genes that en code proteins and enzymes involved in DNA replication. Regulation of these S-phase genes is, therefore, an important component of the biological program during G1 progression. The coordinated regulation of...

Cyclin and the cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are the principle regulators of cell cycle progression through activation of cell cycle checkpoints. These are the core of the complex that composes the mechanism which drives the irreversible transitions that must be successfully negotiated...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during pathological conditions by phago- cytes. The function of these produced ROS is to kill microbes and neoplastic cells. At first sight it seems unlikely that ROS would play a role on cell cycle progression. However, nonphagocytic cells also...

N/A

The length of G1 phase of S. cerevisiae is mainly determined by the flux of nutrients. However this relation is not linear, as below a growth limiting C-flux of about 20 fmol.cell-1.h-1, this C-flux is not longer mainly directed to energy production and synthesis of building blocks for...

A widely used model system to investigate cell proliferation is stimulation of serum-arrested cells with growth factors. Recent data suggest that there are two waves of growth factor-dependent signaling events required for a proliferative response. One is an acute burst of signaling, which...

Proliferation and programmed cell death (apoptosis) exert a concerted action in modelling the organism during normal development and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Both cell cycle progression and apoptosis biochemistry and molecular biology have been widely studied and characterized during...