Recent success in treating Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV)‑associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) using cytotoxic T‑cell (CTL) based immunotherapy has led to interest in the development of CTL based immunotherapy to treat other EBV‑associated malignancies, including...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a distinct geographic distribution and strong association with Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV). Recent advances in molecular investigations and bioinformatics have disclosed critical genetic and epigenetic events in NPC. In this review, we will focus on important...

Apoptosis is a mechanism of cell death, which is pivotal for the maintenance of a healthy cellular homeostasis within the human body. Not surprisingly, virtually all cancers acquire mutations or changes in expression of several genes involved in this pathway, rendering them resistant to the...

Treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has evolved tremendously over the last decade, owing to the integration of chemotherapy into the primary radiotherapy, improvement in tumor imaging and disease monitoring and advances in high precision radiotherapy delivery. Several randomized trials...

The primary function of the pathological diagnosis of a nasopharyngeal biopsy from a patient with a suspected lesion is to provide a diagnosis for the clinician so as to enable both adequate treatment as well as some degree of prognostication to the patient for the diagnosis rendered. The...

Tumor cell population in nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) is highly heterogeneous. In addition of being heavily infiltrated by nonmalignant leucocytes, malignant NPC cells can display various phenotypes in terms of epithelial maturation and viral gene expression. These various cell...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare tumor in most countries but is more prevalent in Southeast Asia, circumpolar North America and northern Africa. Multiple factors participate in the etiology of NPC; they include Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV), genetic susceptibility and environmental...

Radiation therapy (RT) remains the mainstay of treatment for NPC patients without evidence of metastases. The goal of radiation therapy is to cure patients while preserving normal tissue function. Results from randomized clinical trials support the intensification of therapy with chemotherapy in...